MARPOL

• Oil Record Book Part – I shall must be provided to every oil tanker of 150 GRT and above & every ship of 400 GRT and above. It deals with machinery space operation for all ships.
• In addition, for every oil tanker of 150 GRT and above all record book Part – II shall also be provided to record cargo/ballast operation.
• When making entries in the ORB, the date, the operational letter code and item number shall be inserted in the appropriate columns.
• The entries in the ORB shall be in English.
• Only one official ORB to be maintained.
• Records are properly kept and they are kept on board for at least 3 years from the new ORB came into force.
• Each page of the ORB is properly dated and signed by MASTER and Chief Engineer Officer.
• Any failure of oil filter equipment shall be recorded in ORB.

Enteries to be made in ORB Part – I:-

• Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tank
• Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks
• Collection, transfer and disposal of oil residues
• Non-automatic starting of discharge overboard, transfer or disposal otherwise of water which has accumulated in machinery spaces
• Automatic starting of discharge overboard, transfer or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery space
• Condition of oil filtering equipment
• Accidental or other exceptional discharges of oil
• Bunkering of fuel or fuel lubricating oil
• Additional operational procedure and general marks

Came in force: 2nd October, 1983

(a) Discharge criteria of oil or oily mixture as per MARPOL Annex – I?

Ans:- The discharge of oil or oily mixture from cargo space is prohibited except when following conditions are satisfied:-

(i) The tanker is not in a special area
(ii) The tanker is more than 50 NM from the nearest land
(iii) The tanker is proceeding en-route
(iv) The instantaneous rate of discharge does not exceed 30 liters/NM
(v) The total quantity of oil discharged is not more than 1/30000 of the quantity of last cargo
(vi) The tanker has an operational ODMCS and a slop tank arrangement

(b) What are the special areas as per MARPOL Annex – I?

• The Mediterranean Sea
• The Baltic Sea
• The Black Sea
• The Red Sea
• The Persian Gulf
• The Gulf of Aden
• The Antartica
• The North west European water, and, 
• The Oman area of Arabian Sea
• Southern South African waters

(c) Slop tank requirement as per MARPOL Annex – I?

• Slop tank is required for all tankers of 150 GRT and above & two slop tank is required for tanker of 70000 DWT and above.
• The volume of slop tank must be 3% of the cargo carrying capacity of the ship.

(d) MARPOL Annex – I Reg 9?

Ans:- Form of certificate: New form of IOPP certificate or its supplement
>If the IOPP certificate or its supplement is amended, this will not affects the ship’s IOPP certificate.
>The existing form of certificate when new form came remains valid until the expiry of the certificate.

(e) What is Instantaneous rate of discharge?

Ans: It means the rate of discharge of oil in litres/hour at any time divided by the speed of ship in knots.

(f) What is Enroute?

Ans: It means ship is underway at sea & not be circling at a smaller area.

(g) Explain ODMCS operation?

• A sampler probe and a flow meter sensor is connected before the overboard value to sense the oil content & the flow of mixture.

• The data provided by two sensor are fed in a control unit where it is analysed & discharge value is controlled. 

• If the control unit senses a rise in the PPM & flow rate, it will shut the overboard value and open the recirculation value which is connected to the slop tank.

• Take feed from Doppler or GPS for speed.

(h) Certificate & document as per Annex I?

Ans:- Certificate: International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate(IOPP)

           Document: SOPEP manual

                                   Oil Record Book Part 1 & Part 2

                                   COW manual

                                   ODMCS manual

                                    Dedicated CBT Operation manual

Came in force: 2nd October, 1983

(a) Discharge criteria of oil or oily mixture as per MARPOL Annex – II?

Ans:- The discharge of noxious liquid substance is prohibited except when following conditions are satisfied:-

(i) The ship is proceeding en-route at a speed of atleast 7 knots in case of self-propelled ships or atleast 4 knots in case of ships which are not self-propelled.
(ii) The discharge is to be made below the water line through the underwater discharge outlet not exceeding the maximum rate for which the underwater outlet is designed.
(iii) The discharge is to be made at a distance of not less than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land.
(iv) The discharge is to be made at a depth of water of not less than 25 meters.
(v) For ship constructed before 1 January 2007, the discharge of residue of substance under category Z below the waterline is not mandatory.

(b) What are the special areas as per MARPOL Annex – II?

• The Antartica area (sea area south of Lat 60° S)

(c) Certificate & document as per Annex II?

Ans:- Certificate: Certificate of Fitness (COF)

                                    International Pollution Prevention Certificate(IPPC)

           Document: SMPEP manual

                                   Cargo Record Book

(d) Describe the various cargo category under Annex II?

Ans: (i) Category X: Noxious liquid substance which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operation are deemed to present a major hazard to either marine resources or human health, and therefore justify the prohibition of discharge into the marine environment.

(ii) Category Y: Noxious liquid substance which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operation are deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human health, and therefore justify the limitations on quality and quantity of discharge into the marine environment.

(iii) Category Z: Noxious liquid substance which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operation are deemed to present a minor hazard to either marine resources or human health, and therefore justify less restriction on quality and quantity of discharge into the marine environment.

(iv) Other substance: Substances indicated as OS in the pollution category of CH – 18 of IBC code which fall outside category X, Y and Z because they are considered to present no harm to marine resources and human health.

(e) What is SMPEP?

• A shipboard marine pollution emergency plan (SMPEP) is a flag or class approved document which provide guidance to the MASTER and Officer in case of a collision or fire on a ship.
• MARPOL 73/78 Annex II Regulations 17 states that every ship of 150 GRT and above certified to carry noxious liquid substance in bulk shall have an approved SMPEP for noxious liquid substance.
• The SMPEP for oil and/or noxious liquid substance should be combined with SOPEP, since their contents are almost same.
• To make it clear that plan is a combined one, it should be referred to as a SMPEP.

Came in force: 27th September, 2003

(a) Discharge criteria of sewage as per MARPOL Annex – IV?

Ans:- The discharge of sewage is prohibited except when following conditions are satisfied:-

(i) If sewage is comminuted and disinfected, the discharge can be made when ship is not less than 3 NM from the nearest land.
(ii) If sewage is not comminuted and disinfected, the discharge can be made when ship is not less than 12 NM from the nearest land.
(iii) Sewage from holding tank should not be discharged instantaneously, but at a moderate rate when ship is en-route with a minimum speed of 4 knots.
(iv) The ship has in operation and approved sewage treatment plant, which has been certified and whose test result are laid down in ISPP Certificate.

(b) What are the special areas as per MARPOL Annex – IV?

• The Baltic Sea

(c) Certificate & document as per Annex IV?

Ans:-  International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate(ISPP)

Came in force: 31st December, 1988

(a) Discharge criteria as per MARPOL Annex – V?

(b) What are the special areas as per MARPOL Annex – V?

• The Mediterranean Sea
• The Baltic Sea
• The Black Sea
• The Red Sea
• The Persian Gulf
• The North Sea Area
• The Antartica area (south of latitude 60 degrees south), and, 
• The Wider Carribean Region including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea

(c) Certificate & document as per Annex V?

• Document of compliance for approved GMP
• Garbage Record Book

(d) Contents of Garbage Record Book?

• All ships of 400 GRT and above and every ship certified to carry 15 persons or more must carry a Garbage Record Book.
• Garbage record book Part – I is for all garbage other than cargo residue and is applicable for all ships.
• Garbage record book Part – II is for cargo residues and is applicable only for all ships carrying solid bulk cargo.

Came in force:19th May, 2005

(a) Describe the controls on emissions of SOx & NOx as per MARPOL Annex – VI?

Controls of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

• This regulation applies to each diesel engines with a power output of more than 130 kW which is installed on constructed ship or which undergoes a major conversion on or after 1 January 2000.
• This regulation does not applies to engines installed on boats which are intended to be used in case of emergency.
• Operation of diesel engine is prohibited except when NOx emission is within following limit:-  > 17.0 g/kwh when n is less than 130 rpm.   > 45.0 x n^-0.2 g/kW·h when n is 130 or more but less than 2000 rpm     > 9.8 g/kW·h when n is 2000 rpm or more  where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft revolutions per minute).

Controls of Sulphur Oxides (SOx)

• The sulphur content of fuel oil used on board ships should not exceed 4.5% m/m; which is further reduced to 0.5% m/m from 01.01.2020
• Within SOx emission control area:- The sulphur content of fuel oil used on board ships in a SOx emission control area does not exceed 1.5% m/m; which is further reduced to 0.1% m/m from 01.01.2015
• Those ships using separate fuel oils to comply with the regulation shall allow sufficient time for the fuel oil service system to be fully flushed of all fuels exceeding 0.1 % m/m sulphur content prior to entry into a SO_x emission control area.

(b) What are the special areas/emission control areas as per MARPOL Annex – VI?

• United States Caribbean Sea ECA (NOx, SOx and PM)
• North American ECA (NOx, SOx and PM)
• Baltic Sea (SOx, NOx)
• North Sea (SOx, NOx)

(c) Certificate & document as per Annex VI?

Ans:-  International Energy Efficiency Certificate(IEEC)

           International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate(IAPP)

          Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate(EIAPP)

• Annex VII- Regulation for the prevention of pollution by ballast water from ship.
• Annex VIII- Regulation for the prevention of pollution by toxic paints from ship.
• Annex IX- Regulation for the prevention of pollution by noise pollution from ship.
• Annex X- Regulation for the prevention of pollution by vibration from ship.

“The International Convention For The Prevention Of Pollution From Ships”

• MARPOL Convention was adopted in 1973.
• The convention was modified by the protocol of 1978 which came in response to a similar tanker accident in 1976-77
• Therefore, in short, it is called MARPOL 73/78
• And it came into force in OCTOBER 1983

Marine Environment Protection Committee

 MEPC is a branch of IMO which looks for:

• Prevention & Control Of Pollution From Ship
• Provide a solution for the air pollution caused due to heavy traffic
• Creation and Enforcement of PSSA
• Protection of Marine Organism
• Provide required revision to existing MARPOL guidelines

2020: (I) 0.5% Sulphur Emission

             (II) Bar on Non-complaint Fuel Oil

             (III) MARPOL EEDI regulation for ice strengthening ship

2021: (I) Discharge requirement for cargo residue and tank washing of floating NLS

            (II) Control of discharge of residue of NLS in special areas

2022: (I) Fuel oil sampling & verification procedure

             (II)Amendment to Ballast Water Convention

A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) is an area that needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognized ecological or socio-economic or scientific reasons and which may be vulnerable to damage by international maritime activities.

In many cases a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area may be identified within a Special Area and vice versa.

The following PSSA’S have been designated:

• The Great Barrier Reef, Australia (designated a PSSA in 1990)

• The Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago in Cuba (1997)

• Malpelo Island, Colombia (2002)

• The sea around the Florida Keys, United States (2002)

• The Wadden Sea, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands (2002)

• Paracas National Reserve, Peru (2003)

• Western European Waters (2004)

• Extension of the existing Great Barrier Reef PSSA to include the Torres Strait (proposed by Australia and Papua New Guinea) (2005)

• Canary Islands, Spain (2005)

• The Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador (2005)

• The Baltic Sea area, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden (2005)

• The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, United States (2007)

• The Strait of Bonifacio, France and Italy (2011)

• The Saba Bank, in the North-eastern Caribbean area of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2012)

• Extension of Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait to encompass the south-west part of the Coral Sea (2015)

• The Jomard Entrance, Papua New Guinea (2016)

• Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, the Sulu Sea, Philippines (2017)

• North-Western Mediterranean Sea, France, Italy, Monaco and Spain (2023)

• Nusa Penida Islands and Gili Matra Islands in Lombok Strait (2024)

• Special areas are certain sea areas where the adoption of a special mandatory method for the prevention of sea pollution is required due to their oceanographical and ecological condition
• There are special requirements regarding the discharge/disposal of oil/garbage in special areas
• The purpose of a special area is to protect one or more special habitats and/or species in that area

Came into force on 01 January 2017

• Ship’s shall be provided with oily residue (sludge) tanks

Came in force on 1 March, 2018

• Criteria for determining whether cargo residue is harmful to the marine environment.
• New Garbage Record Book format with a new garbage category for E-waste.

a) What is EEDI?

Energy Efficiency Design Index

• It is an index that estimates grams of CO2 emitted by a ship per tone mile.
• It is expressed as the ratio of “Environment Cost” divided by “Benefit For Society”

b) Requirement of EEDI

         It applies to ships of 400 GRT and above, engaged in International voyages.

c) Certificate

         International Energy Efficiency Certificate (IEEC)

• Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan.
• lt is a ship’s specific plan which is based on the ship’s type, cargo carried, ship routes, and other relevant factors.
• It is to improve the efficiency of the ship by increasing fuel efficiency, frequent propeller & hull cleaning & improved voyage planning.

a) P&A manual

      It outlines vessel-specific procedures for the discharge of NLS for vessels engaged in International trade.

b) Content of P&A manual

• Outline of Annex II
• Equipment & arrangement onboard ship
• Cargo unloading & stripping procedures
• Cargo tank cleaning procedure
• Discharging residue procedure
• Ballasting and de-ballasting procedure

c) Language

      English, French, or Spanish

• The Green Passport contains details of all materials, especially those that are harmful to human health, used in the construction of vessel
• The green passport will be delivered by the shipyard during the construction
• It should be updated in case any changes are made to the ship
• It came after the Hong Kong Convention

Part-I

A – Plastics

B- Food waste

C- Domestic waste

D- Cooking Oil

E- Incinerator Ash

F- Operational waste

G- Animal carcasses

H- Fishing Gear

I – E-waste

Part-II

J- Cargo Residue (non-HME)

K- Cargo Residue (HME)

Annex I:  Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (entered into force 2 October 1983)

Annex II:  Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk (entered into force 2 October 1983, provisions took effect from 6 April 1987)

Annex III: Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form (entered into force 1 July 1992)

Annex IV: Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships  (entered into force 27 September 2003)

Annex V: Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (entered into force 31 December 1988) 

Annex VI: Prevention of  Air Pollution from Ships (entered into force 19 May 2005)

This regulation only applies to tankers.  

However, this regulation also applies to gas carriers only if the types of loading and containment systems allow safe retention of non-methane VOCs on board or their safe return ashore.

There are two aspects of VOC control within this regulation:

(I) The first aspect of this regulation, regulations 15.1 – 15.5 and 15.7, control on VOC emitted to the atmosphere in respect of certain ports or terminals is achieved by a requirement to utilize a vapour emission control system (VECS). Where so required, both the shipboard and shore arrangements are to be in accordance with MSC/Circ.585 “Standards for vapour emission control systems”. Where such controls are required at particular ports or terminals, tankers not so fitted may be accepted for a period of up to 3 years from the implementation date. Where VECS is so mandated the relevant Party is to notify IMO of that requirement and its date of implementation. 

(II) The second aspect of this regulation, regulation 15.6, requires that all tankers carrying crude oil have an approved and effectively implemented ship-specific VOC Management Plan covering at least the points given in the regulation.